Twenty years ago, to this day, in Berlin, Germany, the most significant and historic event was the fall of the Berlin Wall, which led to the full reunification of the two Germanys less than a year later. I was in my first year in college at Gallaudet and I remembered watching the news with happiness, being amazed by watching such a historic event, people standing on the top of the Berlin Wall, crowding, cheering and celebrating. The fall of the Berlin Wall didn’t began with the government of East Germany screwing up the memo communication between leaders and subordinates about a new policy allowing citizens to go into West Berlin and West Germany without delay or permission. Rather, it originated on the date of June 12, 1987.
That’s when President Ronald Reagan made this famous speech in front of the walled Brandenburg Gate, calling upon Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev to open up and tear down the Berlin Wall:
We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
It took awhile, since it was bounded to happen anyway. By 1988, Gorbachev’s reform policies encouraged Eastern Bloc countries to craft own policies as they see fit, freeing themselves from the rigid Soviet sphere of influence and oversight. The Soviet Union was engaged in a losing war in Afghanistan and its economy was hemorrhaging, with runaway inflation and greater public dissatisfaction. Hungary was the first Eastern Bloc country to open up its border to western Europe by the summer of 1989, setting up a chain of events for the next four months.
But the Berlin Wall itself, which separated West and East Berlin since 1961 (when it was constructed on order by Soviet Premier Khrushchev in communication with East Germany leadership), came to symbolize the national split on purely political, ideological, and military lines. Prior to its construction, million of citizens from East Germany were escaping or emigrating into West Germany. Since the wall was put up, the emigration stopped and any escape was becoming more risky or deadly. Several people risked their lives crossing the zones separating West/East Berlin and West/East Germany, some lost their lives in the attempts. One East German border guard made the leap of defection to the west in this famous photograph in 1961.
In September 1989, East German citizens were beginning to crowd in front of the Berlin Wall, chanting they wanted to be out and travel freely. The public confidence toward the government was all-time low. The threats of a violent revolution was looming in the air. On October 18, 1989, the longtime leader of East Germany, Erich Honecker was ousted and was replaced by Egon Krenz. By the last week of October and the first week of November, the number of people protesting and showing up by the Berlin Wall swelled to about a million in East Berlin. The East German government buckled under pressures, fearful of committing its troops to the East German zones of the Berlin Wall in the full view of Western media capturing people standing on the wall by the Brandenburg Gate. They did not wanted a repeat of the Tiananmen Square massacre in China earlier that year. After all, this was about reawakening and reuniting the national spirit of Germany so long divided by the victorious powers at the end of World War II.
The day of November 9th, 1989 marked the momentous fall of the Berlin Wall and the Iron Curtain of Europe. People were chipping away the wall on both sides, either making a symbolic hole through it or taking the pieces as souvenirs. Before long, cranes were brought in to remove and lift up the singular sections of the wall before the cheering masses on both sides. At the famous Checkpoint Charlie, people from both sides freely walked through without restriction, as seen as below:
It was the peaceful fall of the East German government. The leadership and government were gradually abolished over the time, merging with the government of West Germany. The East German military eventually merged with the Bundeswehr (West German military). Egon Krenz was eventually replaced by two more head representatives of East Germany, the last temporary head of state was a woman. By October 3, 1990, the government and East Germany ceased to be and the whole of Germany was at last reunified.
Looking back twenty years, it amazed me how much times and things have changed. I have not visit Berlin or Germany yet, hopefully I may one day. That day, I witnessed such a remarkable historic event. In fact, 1989 was really a remarkable year.
The history of the Berlin Wall’s fall can be seen here.






